Understanding HIV and AIDS

Understanding HIV and AIDS

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that damages the immune system by infecting and destroying CD4 cells. If more and more CD4 cells are destroyed, the body's immune system will become increasingly weak, making it vulnerable to various diseases

If HIV is not treated immediately, it will develop into a serious condition called AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection. At this stage, the body's ability to fight infection is completely lost.

HIV transmission occurs through contact with the patient's body fluids, such as blood, sperm, vaginal fluids, anal fluids, and breast milk. Please note, HIV is not transmitted through air, water, sweat, tears, saliva, mosquito bites, or physical touch.

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HIV is a lifelong disease. In other words, the HIV virus will remain in the sufferer's body for the rest of his life. Although there is no treatment method to treat HIV, there are drugs that can slow the progression of this disease and increase the life expectancy of sufferers.

HIV and AIDS in Indonesia

Based on data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2019, there were more than 50,000 cases of HIV infection in Indonesia. Of this number, HIV cases most often occur in heterosexuals, followed by men who have sex with men (MSM) or homosexuals, injecting drug users (IDUs), and sex workers.

Meanwhile, the number of AIDS sufferers in Indonesia tends to increase. In 2019, there were more than 7,000 AIDS sufferers with a death toll of more than 600 people.

However, from 2005 to 2019, the death rate due to AIDS in Indonesia continued to decline. This indicates that treatment in Indonesia has succeeded in reducing the death rate due to AIDS.

Symptoms of HIV and AIDS

Most sufferers experience a mild flu 2-6 weeks after being infected with HIV. Flu can be accompanied by other symptoms and can last for 1–2 weeks. After the flu gets better, other symptoms may not appear for years even though the HIV virus continues to damage the sufferer's immune system, until HIV progresses to an advanced stage of AIDS.

In most cases, a person only finds out that he has HIV after seeing a doctor due to a serious illness caused by a weakened immune system. The serious illnesses in question include chronic diarrhea, pneumonia, drastic weight loss (cachexia), or brain toxoplasmosis.

Causes and Risk Factors of HIV and AIDS

HIV disease is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus or HIV, according to the name of the disease. If left untreated, HIV can get worse and develop into AIDS.

HIV transmission can occur through vaginal or anal sex, use of injection needles, and blood transfusions. Although rare, HIV can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding.

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Several factors that can increase the risk of transmission are as follows:

Having sexual relations with multiple partners and without using protection

Using a syringe together

Carrying out work that involves contact with human body fluids without using adequate personal safety equipment

Consult a doctor if you suspect you have been exposed to HIV through the methods above, especially if you experience flu symptoms within 2-6 weeks afterwards.

Consult a doctor if you suspect you have been exposed to HIV through the methods above, especially if you experience flu symptoms within 2-6 weeks afterwards.

HIV and AIDS treatment

Patients who have been diagnosed with HIV must immediately receive treatment in the form of antiretroviral therapy (ARV). ARVs work to prevent the HIV virus from multiplying so that it does not attack the body's immune system.

Prevention of HIV and AIDS

The following are several ways you can avoid and minimize HIV transmission:

Don't have sex before marriage

Not changing sexual partners

Use a condom during sexual intercourse

Avoid using drugs, especially injectable types

Get correct information regarding HIV, how it is transmitted, prevented and treated, especially for teenagers

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